ノロウイルス・ゲノムから見えるもの

ノロウイルスとはどういうものなのかを複雑に考える必要はない。

ノロウイルスのゲノム（遺伝子）の二つの領域の図を見たら想像可能だ。

尚、その説明は専門用語だらけで頭が混乱するので意訳はしない。

変化する世界におけるヒトノロウイルスの伝達と進化

図4：ORF1およびORF2の系統発生

Figure 4: ORF1 and ORF2 phylogenies.

From

Human norovirus transmission and evolution in a changing world

Miranda de Graaf, Janko van Beek & Marion P. G. Koopmans

Nature Reviews Microbiology 14, 421–433 (2016) doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.48

http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrmicro.2016.48_F4.html

ミランダ・デ・グラフ、ジャンコ・バン・ビーク、マリオン・P・G・コープマンズ

Nature Reviews Microbiology 14、421-433（2016）doi：10.1038 / nrmicro.2016.48

Two regions of the norovirus genome are used to classify strains of norovirus: the region of ORF1 that encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and ORF2, which encodes the structural capsid protein VP1.

ノロウイルス・ゲノムの2つの領域は、ノロウイルスの種を分類するのに用いられる：

それは、RNA（リボ核酸）依存性RNA（リボ核酸）ポリメラーゼ（RdRp）をコード化（符号化）するORF1の領域と、構造キップシッド・タンパク質VP1をコード化（符号化するORF2の領域だ。

http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v14/n7/images/nrmicro.2016.48-f4.jpg

Genetic diversity and frequent recombination events between ORF1 and ORF2 have resulted in phylogenetic topologies that, although similar, are not identical, as shown in unrooted maximum likelihood trees estimated for ORF1 (part a) and ORF2 (part b) sequences of all norovirus ORF1 and ORF2 genotypes¹⁵. Owing to the frequent occurrence of recombination events between ORF1 and ORF2 sequences, a dual nomenclature for norovirus classification using both sequences encoding RdRp and sequences encoding VP1 has been proposed¹²⁰. Note that the nomenclature of genogroups GIV, GVI and GVII has not been consistent: genogroups GIV and GVI were initially classified as a single genogroup, which was known as genogroup GIV, and norovirus strains in genogroup GVII have also been classified in the past as belonging to genogroup GVI. However, we have chosen to use seven genogroups, as proposed by Vinjé¹⁵; this reclassification is based on amino acid divergence. The scale bar reflects the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Part b is modified from J. Clin. Microbiol., 2015, 53, 373–381, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01535-14 and amended with permission from American Society for Microbiology.