抗生物質多用での糖尿病のリスク
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抗生物質多用での糖尿病のリスク
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私は、30歳代始め以降、重大なミスを繰り返してきました。それはくさび形に割れた二本の前歯の治療を中途半端にしてきたことです。
(※)私の履歴書・161『広島着任早々、私、桜の下でノック・ダウン』
そこで痛みで耐え難き場合のみ、出勤時間を遅らせ、西巣鴨の寮の近くの歯医者に行き、そこで貰う抗生物質で炎症を抑えての繰り返しでした。実は歯医者に抜歯を依頼するも、どこの歯医者も未だ使えると称し、抜いてくれませんでした。
極め付きは、還暦の頃でしょうか。ネットで株を始めたら夜は眠らずに海外の情報収集、昼は株の売買で過労。半年毎に歯茎を腫らし、都度、歯医者に行き抗生物質でした。
この時は、何故か5~6日に一度しか排便できず、この状態が繰り返されました。ひどかったことは、強烈なウン意を催しても出ず。その都度、耐え難き苦痛に襲われ、収まるまで部屋の中をのたうち回りました。
さて本題
(※)尚、註の青文字は、私が加筆した箇所です。
Could Antibiotic Use Lead To Type 1 Diabetes?
The fewer antibiotics kids take, the healthier they may be
BY JULIE FIDLER
POSTED ON SEPTEMBER 5, 2016
In a new study, researchers found that repeated treatments with antibiotics increased the risk of Type 1 diabetes in the rodents. The finding is harrowing, considering that approximately half of all prescriptions written for antibiotics in the United States are inappropriate and that a recent study found that antibiotics are prescribed to children about twice as often as they should be
(註1)げっ歯類(げっしるい)
哺乳類で物をかじるのに適した歯と顎を特徴とし,多くは草食性であるが,雑食性のものもある。ビーバー,リス,ハツカネズミなどの総称。
The Research
For the study, Martin Blaser, M.D., a professor of translational medicine and microbiology at the NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City, and colleagues looked at the effects of antibiotics on non-obese mice that were susceptible to type 1 diabetes. The mice were very young – about the equivalent of a 6-months-old or 1-year-old child.
リサーチ
The mice were given either three doses of antibiotics at different times (pulsed therapy) or a steady but very low dose of antibiotics. Mice given no antibiotics served as controls.The researchers found that the mice who received the pulsed therapy were twice as likely to develop type 1 diabetes as the mice that received no antibiotics.
Other findings included alterations to the microbiome in the gut, which led to changes in T cells. The T cell changes, in turn, led to increased inflammation in the insulin-producing islet cells of the pancreas.
(註2)T 細胞とは
血液中を流れている白血球のうち、リンパ球と呼ばれる細胞の一種。わたしたちのからだを異物から守る機構(免疫応答)の司令塔ともいうべき大切な細胞集団で、胸腺(thymus)でつくられるため、頭文字を取って T 細胞と名付けられた。
(註3)インスリン産生膵島細胞腫(インスリノーマ)とは
When Blaser and his team transferred some of the altered gut microbiota from the antibiotic-exposed mice to the other two groups of mice, the risk of type 1 diabetes increased in one group but not the other.
(註4)腸内微生物叢(ちょうないさいきん‐そう)とは
ヒトの腸管内では多種・多様な細菌が絶えず増殖を続けている。これらは腸内細菌と呼ばれ、個々の菌が集まって複雑な微生物生態系を構築している。この微生物群集を「腸内フローラ」または「腸内細菌叢」と呼ぶ。
腸内細菌の数はおよそ100兆個、その種類は一人あたり数百種にのぼり、その構成は食習慣や年齢などによって一人ひとり異なる。
この腸内フローラは、ヒトに対して様々な生理作用を有している。有用な作用として、病原菌の定着阻害、免疫系の活性化、ビタミンの産生などが挙げられ、有害な作用として、腐敗産物や発がん物質の産生、各種腸疾患へ関与が挙げられる。(注)大腸内容物は腸内細菌叢により発酵あるいは腐敗してガスを産生する。人の排便を乾燥した重さで言うと約半分を腸内細菌が占めている。
Read: Have Antibiotics “Shut Down” Your Immune System? The researchers wrote in the journal Nature Microbiology: “These findings show that early-life antibiotic treatments alter the gut microbiota and its metabolic capacities, intestinal gene expression and T-cell populations, accelerating type 1 diabetes onset in non-obese diabetic mice.”
必読: 抗生物質があなたの免疫システムを「シャットダウン」するか?
研究者はNature Microbiology誌に次のように書いている。
What Is Type 1 Diabetes?
1型糖尿病とは何か?
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder, usually diagnosed during childhood. It’s at least partly genetic, but cases of the disease have risen rapidly since World War II, and it’s now being found in increasingly younger children.
Blaser said
“That means there’s some strong environmental aspect.”He believes that the “environmental aspect” is the widespread use of antibiotics.Antibiotics can decimate “good” bacteria and shift the makeup of the microbiome, which greatly affects people’s metabolism and immunity, making them more susceptible to diabetes and other diseases, Blaser explained.
In recent years, evidence has emerged that the loss of this good bacteria may even cause mental illness.One particularly strong class of drugs, called fluoroquinolones, can cause disabling side effects involving the tendons, muscles, joints, nerves, and central nervous system. In July 2016, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned that fluoroquinolones are too strong for simple bronchitis, sinus infections, and urinary tract infections.
近年、この優れた細菌の喪失が精神病を引き起こす可能性があるという証拠が出てきた。
Read: We now Know HOW Antibiotics Kill Off Good Bacteria in the Gut
In the mice, the antibiotics negatively affected all the genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. Said Blaser:“We found that cholesterol metabolism in the intestinal wall was very deranged. This was a big surprise to us, and we hope to test it further.”There’s no way to know whether antibiotics would have the same effect on children, although past research seems to suggest it might. And when it comes to giving kids antibiotics, the fewer, the better. Blaser said:“I think we need more careful exams by doctors, and for both doctors and parents to understand that antibiotics aren’t free. They carry not only the risk of resistance, which is a cost to the whole community, but possibly health risks to their child.”
「私は、医師のより慎重な検査が必要であり、医師と両親は、抗生物質が無料ではないことを理解する必要があると思う。 抗生物質は、地域社会全体の費用であり反発のリスクだけでなく、子供の健康へのリスクをもたらす可能性がある。
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