医薬品業界が敵視するブロッコリー
あなたがブロッコリーを常食したら、健康で長生きしすぎとなり、医薬品業界や医療業界から睨まれます。(*^_^*)
病気になり悶え苦しむあなたを望む医薬品業界の利益の為、そして日本の健康保険制度の破綻のため、はたまた外資系医療保険会社の繁栄のため、病気を防ぎ健康と長寿出来る源泉であるブロッコリーやトマトやナスを食べないように、そして、タバコも吸わないようにしてください。（註３）
「老化抑制」期待される物質、マウスで効果確認
読売 2016年10月28日
老化抑制効果の確認を目指して国内で臨床研究が始まっている物質をマウスに投与すると、エネルギー代謝や筋肉、目などの機能が改善したと、今井眞一郎・米ワシントン大教授（老化学）の研究チームが２７日付の米科学誌セル・メタボリズムに発表した。
この物質はニコチンアミド・モノヌクレオチド（ＮＭＮ）。
体内に元々存在する物質だが、高齢になると減少する。研究チームは生後５か月（人間の年齢で２０歳代）～１７か月（同６０歳代）のマウスに１年間、ＮＭＮを毎日投与した。
その結果、通常のマウスに比べ、年を取っても脂肪を燃やしてエネルギーを得ており、筋肉が若い状態に保たれていた。涙の量や骨密度、免疫細胞の数も増加した。目立った副作用はなかった。
これと同じ内容は三ヵ月半前の朝日新聞に掲載されているが、読売は意識的に肝心なことを隠している。
朝日新聞 016年7月12日06時55分
老化を抑える？期待のサプリ 慶応大など臨床研究
慶応大と米ワシントン大は１１日、動物実験で老化を抑える可能性が示された物質「ニコチンアミド・モノヌクレオチド（ＮＭＮ）」の安全性を確かめる臨床研究を始めたと発表した。病気の予防や健康長寿に役立つ栄養食品として効果を調べていくという。
ＮＭＮは、体内のエネルギー代謝に欠かせない「ニコチンアミド・アデニンジヌクレオチド（ＮＡＤ）」に変化する。マウスの実験では長寿にかかわるサーチュインと呼ばれる遺伝子を活性化させることや糖尿病の治療効果などが示されている。ＮＡＤは人の体内で作られているが、加齢に伴い様々な臓器で減少するとされる。
まずは４０～６０歳の健康な男性１０人にＮＭＮを摂取してもらい、安全性や吸収のされ方を調べる。慶応大の伊藤裕教授（内科学）は「安全性が確認されたら、加齢とともに少しずつ低下する臓器の働きを上げる効果があるのか、科学的な検証をしていきたい」と話している。（瀬川茂子）
NHKスペシャルでも放映されていた。 2015年2月8日(日)
シンクレア教授｢若返りと長寿｣を語る 生命最古の分子が特効薬に
NMNにはまだ否定的な面は発見されていません。それどころか、眼の疾患や難聴、肝臓や心臓を守る作用があるとわかっています。
また、肝臓がんにかかったマウスたちに投与したところ、腫瘍が消えたこともありました。
まるで万能薬のようですが、世界中の研究室が確認している事実なのです。現代の医学は一つひとつの疾患に狙いを定めて治療しますが、NMNは老化によって衰えた体全体にエネルギーそのものを与えて、「虚弱」を治すわけです。
以下の英文は、上記読売の記事の原本であるが、訳すのに時間がかかるので、要約を述べておきます。
（要約）
長寿を期するならば、老化現象の元となる新陳代謝機能衰退を防ぐことです。
新陳代謝機能を若々しく保つには、ニコチンアミド・モノヌクレオチド（ＮＭＮ）を摂取することなのですが、ニコチンアミド・モノヌクレオチド（ＮＭＮ）は副作用としてガンを助長させるという見解があります。（註１）
処がマウスによる実験によると、ガンを助長せず、寧ろ健康で若々しさを保ち、免疫細胞も増加した故、従来のガン助長の見解を否定しています。
Outside of this clinical trial, high-grade NMN for human consumption is not commercially available. But there's always broccoli.
（註１）医薬品業界では、利益に反することは身体に悪いとする大学教授や医学博士に捏造させた実験データや臨床例をマスコミに流すことは米国の裁判（メルク社）でも明らかである。
『安倍政権下、ワクチンメーカーの買収と脅迫か？』 2014/9/13(土)
Merck employees had "hit list" of doctors they sought to "neutralize", court documents reveal (opinion)
メルクの従業員は、「反対者を消す（殺す）」ためにメルク社が捜した医者の「対象者リスト」および裁判所文書を持ってたことを明らかにする。(見解)。
（註２）ニコチン（C10H14N2）とニコチンアミド（C6H6N2O）は別物だが、ニコチンが酸化するとニコチンアミドの主成分であるニコチン酸となる。
（註３）『何故女性はボケるの？』 2014/10/1(水)
（以下、原文）
Natural compound reduces signs of aging in healthy mice
天然化合物は、健康なマウスにおける老化の兆候を減少させます
Safety of NMN being tested in small clinical tria
Date:October 27, 2016
Source:Washington University School of Medicine
日付：2016年10月27日
ソース：ワシントン大学医学部
Summary:
Much of human health hinges on how well the body manufactures and uses energy.
概要：
人間の健康の多くは 、体がどれくらいよくエネルギーを作り使うかについてかかっています。
For reasons that remain unclear, cells' ability to produce energy declines with age, prompting scientists to suspect that the steady loss of efficiency in the body's energy supply chain is a key driver of the aging process.
Now, scientists have shown that supplementing healthy mice with a natural compound called NMN can compensate for this loss of energy production, reducing typical signs of aging such as gradual weight gain, loss of insulin sensitivity and declines in physical activity.
Scientists have shown that supplementing healthy mice with a natural compound called NMN can compensate for this loss of energy production, reducing typical signs of aging such as gradual weight gain, loss of insulin sensitivity and declines in physical activity.
Credit: © Irina K. / Fotolia
Much of human health hinges on how well the body manufactures and uses energy.
For reasons that remain unclear, cells' ability to produce energy declines with age, prompting scientists to suspect that the steady loss of efficiency in the body's energy supply chain is a key driver of the aging process.
Now, scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have shown that supplementing healthy mice with a natural compound called NMN can compensate for this loss of energy production, reducing typical signs of aging such as gradual weight gain, loss of insulin sensitivity and declines in physical activity.
The study is published Oct. 27 in the journal Cell Metabolism.
"We have shown a way to slow the physiologic decline that we see in aging mice," said Shin-ichiro Imai, MD, PhD, a professor of developmental biology and of medicine.
"This means older mice have metabolism and energy levels resembling that of younger mice.
Since human cells rely on this same energy production process, we are hopeful this will translate into a method to help people remain healthier as they age."
Imai is working with researchers conducting a clinical trial to test the safety of NMN in healthy people.
The phase 1 trial began earlier this year at Keio University School of Medicine in Tokyo.
With age, the body loses its capacity to make a key element of energy production called NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Past work by Imai and co-senior author Jun Yoshino, MD, PhD, an assistant professor of medicine, has shown that NAD levels decrease in multiple tissues as mice age.
Past research also has shown that NAD is not effective when given directly to mice so the researchers sought an indirect method to boost its levels.
To do so, they only had to look one step earlier in the NAD supply chain to a compound called NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide).
NMN can be given safely to mice and is found naturally in a number of foods, including broccoli, cabbage, cucumber, edamame and avocado.
The new study shows that when NMN is dissolved in drinking water and given to mice, it appears in the bloodstream in less than three minutes. Importantly, the researchers also found that NMN in the blood is quickly converted to NAD in multiple tissues.
"We wanted to make sure that when we give NMN through drinking water, it actually goes into the blood circulation and into tissues," Imai said.
"Our data show that NMN absorption happens very rapidly."
To determine the long-term effects of giving NMN, Imai, Yoshino and their colleagues studied three groups of healthy male mice fed regular mouse chow diets.
Starting at five months of age, one group received a high dose of NMN-supplemented drinking water, another group received a low dose of the NMN drinking water, and a third group served as a control, receiving no NMN.
The researchers compared multiple aspects of physiology between the groups, first at 5 months of age and then every three months, until the mice reached 17 months of age. Typical laboratory mice live about two years.
The researchers found a variety of beneficial effects of NMN supplementation, including in skeletal muscle, liver function, bone density, eye function, insulin sensitivity, immune function, body weight and physical activity levels.
But these benefits were seen exclusively in older mice.
"When we give NMN to the young mice, they do not become healthier young mice," Yoshino said.
"NMN supplementation has no effect in the young mice because they are still making plenty of their own NMN.
We suspect that the increase in inflammation that happens with aging reduces the body's ability to make NMN and, by extension, NAD."
In skeletal muscle, the investigators -- including the study's first author, Kathryn Mills, the research supervisor in Imai's lab -- found that NMN administration helps energy metabolism by improving the function of mitochondria, which operate as cellular power plants.
They also found that mice given NMN gained less weight with aging even as they consumed more food, likely because their boosted metabolism generated more energy for physical activity.
The researchers also found better function of the mouse retina with NMN supplementation, as well as increased tear production, which is often lost with aging.
They also found improved insulin sensitivity in the older mice receiving NMN, and this difference remained significant even when they corrected for differences in body weight.
In a paper published earlier this year in Cell Reports, Yoshino and his colleagues revealed more details of how NAD works in influencing glucose metabolism and the body's fat tissue.
In that study, the mice had a defect in the ability to manufacture NAD only in the body's fat tissue.
The rest of their tissues and organs were normal.
"Even though NAD synthesis was stopped only in the fat tissue, we saw metabolic dysfunction throughout the body, including the skeletal muscle, the heart muscle, the liver and in measures of the blood lipids," Yoshino said.
"When we gave NMN to these mice, these dysfunctions were reversed.
That means NAD in adipose tissue is a critical regulator of whole body metabolism."
Added Imai, "This is important because Jun showed that if you mess up NAD synthesis only in fat tissue, you see insulin resistance everywhere.
Adipose tissue must be doing something remarkable to control whole body insulin sensitivity."
During the long-term NMN study in healthy mice, Imai also said they monitored the animals for any potential increase in cancer development as a result of NMN administration.
"Some tumor cells are known to have a higher capability to synthesize NAD, so we were concerned that giving NMN might increase cancer incidence," Imai said.
"But we have not seen any differences in cancer rates between the groups."
The phase 1 trial in Japan is using NMN manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., which also provided the NMN used in these mouse studies.
Outside of this clinical trial, high-grade NMN for human consumption is not commercially available. But there's always broccoli.
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